Albumin — vitamin D-binding protein haplotypes in Asian-Pacific populations

Summary We have determined the various haplotypic combinations between alleles as well as restriction fragment length polymorphisms of two linked genetic markers, albumin and vitamin D-binding protein or group-specific component, in a number of Asian-Pacific populations. Using the partial maximum likelihood method, we constructed a phylogenetic network from the haplotype frequencies to assess relationships among the populations sampled. No systematic linkage disequilibrium was detected between most of the combinations, suggesting a lack of operation of any selection pressure at the two loci. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the known interrelationships among various populations in the Asian-Pacific region. The Australian aborigines clustered closely with the non-Austronesian-speaking highlanders from Papua New Guinea, as expected. Similarly, the Austronesian-speaking Polynesians, Micronesians, and the Southeast Asians branched off together as a separate group. The position of the Austronesian-speaking Tolais from New Britain with respect to other populations from the Southwest Pacific was anomalous. The Tolais revealed a strong affinity with the Australian aborigines, which is inexplicable. The populations from China formed a tight cluster with other populations from the Asian-Pacific region. Genetic interrelationships of these populations with the white Australians were remote, which is in accordance with the known affinities of various human racial groups.     

大鼠隔—海马通路损伤对海马内递质含量及酶活力的影响

单侧切断大鼠海马缴和部分穹窿可使海马部分去神经。损伤后7d,海马内胆碱能系统中乙酰胆碱(ACh)含量下降72.5%,胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)活力下降45.7%,胆碱酯酶活力下降52.2%,在单胺能系统中,去甲肾上腺素(NA)含量下降16.3%,多巴胺(DA)含量下降31.3%,5-羟色胺含量下降30.3%。在损伤过程中,海马内氨基酸含量没有改变。实验结果表明,海马缴和穹窿是脑内胆碱能和单胺能传入神经到达海马靶区的部分共同通路。     

去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱对绵羊心肌浦肯野纤维瞬时性内向离子流的影响

用电压箝制术观察了去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱对绵羊浦肯野纤维由乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元诱发的瞬时性内向离子流(I_Ti)的效应。当乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元浓度为4.5×10~(-8)mol/L 时,诱发出的I_(T1)稳定并能维持约1.5h。去甲肾上腺素1.5×10~(-6)mol/L,可使I_(Ti)的峰值由11.4±2.5nA 增加到14.5±4.1nA(n=11,P相似文献   

左旋四氢巴马汀加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位的抑制作用

家兔6只,用氨基甲酸乙酯和氯醛糖麻醉,电刺激牙髓,在对侧大脑皮层体感Ⅰ区引导其诱发电位,观察诱发电位各成分与痛的关系。结果观察到,在P1、N1、P2和 N2 4个波中,P1和 P2波相对稳定。其中,P2波(波峰潜伏期:66.1±1.9ms)具有较高的阈值,且不受无镇痛作用的中枢抑制剂安定的影响,而受小剂量镇痛剂度冷丁的抑制,提示 P2波与痛有关。以 P2波的波幅为指标,进一步在12只家兔上观察了 L-THP 和电针及两者合用对诱发电位的影响。结果显示,L-THP 和电针对诱发电位均有抑制作用,且两者在作用强度和时间上存在明显的协同,提示 L-THP 具有加强电针对兔大脑皮层牙髓诱发电位中痛相关成分的抑制作用。     

家兔面神经后核内侧区在呼吸节律起源中的作用

从腹侧面暴露家兔延髓,脑内微量注射1%普鲁卡因阻滞面神经后核内侧区(mNRF),全部动物(n=20)一次注射(0.3—1.0μl)后即能可逆地消除呼吸节律。区域对照显示此区非常局限,范围约1.0×1.0×1.0mm。组织学检查表明为面神经后核内侧区。本文分析了 mNRF的呼吸相关神经元(RRNs)的放电形式。在 mNRF 有较多的呼气(E)神经元和呼气-吸气跨时相(E-IPS)神经元。在阻滞 mNRF 引起呼吸停止期间,观察到低位延髓背侧呼吸群(DRG)和腹侧呼吸群(VRG)尾端区 RRNs 放电的节律性消失,表现连续放电或停止放电。电刺激DRG,VRG 尾端区,只能诱发短串的膈神经放电,而不能产生节律性发放。说明这些区域的RRNs 无自动节律性活动的能力。结果表明,面神经后核内侧区与呼吸节律发生有关,它可能是呼吸节律发生器的一个重要的所在部位。     

Interactions of chiral molecules with an (r)-n-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine HPLC stationary phase

Forty different chiral molecules were studied by liquid chromatography with a Pirkle-type, (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine (DNBPG), chiral stationary phase column. The dramatic effect of a small molecular change on chiral recognition was demonstrated using DL-amino acid derivatives. The inductive effect on chiral recognition was also studied using trifluoro-, trichloro-, dichloro-, monochloroacetyl, and acetyl derivatives of four different chiral amines. The study of the enantiomer separation of 11 different crown ethers of 2,2′-binaphthyldiyl showed that the rigidity of the chiral center can be an additional parameter in chiral recognition for the DNBPG phase but not for a β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral phase. It is apparent from this study that steric effects, inductive effects, and molecular rigidity play important roles in chiral recognition with DNBPG chiral stationary phases.     

烟草抗黑胫病突变体的细胞筛选

经实验我们成功地建立了在细胞水平上筛选烟草抗黑胫病突变体的筛选体系。该体系的主要内容为:γ-射线500—2000拉德诱变高度感病品种的花药后用50—80％的黑胫病菌粗毒素为选择压力,筛选出抗毒素花粉植株,用离体叶片法测定选出抗病植株,再从后代鉴定中选出抗病性能够稳定遗传的突变系。γ-射线及高浓度毒素处理均能得到抗病植株。选自感病品种的花粉植株中约有9—50％是真正抗病的。这些抗病植株中有一部分的抗病性能够稳定遗传。用该法已从感病优质品种小黄金1025及乔庄黑苗中选出6个突变系。并自N.C.628(抗)×小黄金1025(感)及N.C.628(抗)×庆胜2号(感)的F_1花粉植株中选出4个抗病系。所有的抗病系经3—4代后均表现出稳定抗性。其中一个突变体(R400)的抗性似由不完全显性多基因控制。     

Presuturing--a new technique for closing large skin defects: clinical and experimental studies

We have developed a new technique termed presuturing for aiding in the closure of large skin defects which may have otherwise required a skin graft or flap. This technique is based on biomechanical properties of skin (creep, stress relaxation) which allow skin to stretch beyond its inherent extensibility. Presuturing is performed under local anesthesia and consists of plicating intact skin over the area of planned excision the night prior to operation. Experimental studies in a pig model showed the decrease in force required to close a standard-sized wound to be 40.1 percent less than control (p less than 0.001). Fourteen patients who underwent wide excision of skin lesions had their wounds presutured. All but one wound could be closed primarily without undermining. Presuturing seems to be an easy and clinically useful technique in aiding the primary closure of large defects.